Tempoh peluang untuk industri kitar semula bateri litium kuasa akan datang
The first batch of new energy vehicle power batteries put into the market in my country will soon usher in a centralized scrapping period. According to data released by market research institutions, in 2016, the scrapped power battery in my country was about 12,000 tons, and by 2020, this number is expected to surge to about 248,000 tons. The centralized "retirement" of used power batteries has brought a window of opportunity to the recycling industry.
However, it is not easy to realize this "benefit". Immature technology, non-standard processing, and inadequate supervision may erode development dividends. It is imperative to establish a mature and efficient recycling system.
"Scrap wave" brings opportunities for power battery recycling industry
The Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Commission announced that, in addition to retaining some non-pure electric vehicles as emergency transport capacity, all the city's franchised public transport vehicles have been fully electric. By 2020, Shenzhen will also achieve 100 percent electrification of taxis.
This is a microcosm of my country's move towards a big country in the production and sales of new energy vehicles. Since 2014, my country's new energy vehicle market has shown a rapid development trend. As of the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in the country reached 1.53 million.
However, another fact worthy of attention is that the on-board power battery will usher in a centralized scrapping period in the next few years. "Our analysis believes that after 2018, the scale of domestic retired power batteries will increase rapidly." said Bai Min, an assistant researcher at the International Economic and Technical Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Kitar semula bateri kuasa buangan adalah sangat penting: dalam satu pihak, ia boleh meningkatkan tahap kitar semula bahan mentah bateri, dan sebaliknya, ia boleh mengelakkan potensi bahaya yang disebabkan oleh bateri kuasa sisa kepada manusia dan alam sekitar. .
A person in charge of a new energy vehicle manufacturing company told reporters that, unlike lead-acid batteries that contain heavy metals and are toxic and harmful in the past, lithium batteries commonly used in new energy vehicles are relatively less harmful to the environment. Copper, cobalt, lithium and other metals in batteries have higher economic value. Under the regulation of the market mechanism, waste power batteries will be favored by recycling companies. "Lithium batteries are full of treasures, and I'm not afraid that no one will handle them."
"Economic accounts" cannot be simply calculated, beware that industrial opportunities become social problems
——Immature industrialization technology squeezes profit space. Zhang Changling, a senior engineer at China Automotive Technology Research Center, believes that at present, key technologies such as power battery retirement judgment standards and detection technology, residual value evaluation technology of batteries that can be used in cascade, automatic dismantling of single battery and material sorting technology are not mature enough. Battery recycling companies still use manual dismantling or traditional recycling processes. According to estimates, a power battery recycling enterprise using traditional technology, recycling 1 ton of waste lithium iron phosphate power battery is not only unprofitable, but may lose money.
- Pengendalian bateri litium yang tidak betul mempunyai risiko letupan dan pencemaran. Zhang Zheming, penolong penyelidik di Institut Teknologi Lanjutan Shenzhen Akademi Sains China, berkata bahawa bateri litium agak mesra alam, tetapi itu tidak bermakna ia tidak akan menyebabkan kemudaratan kepada tubuh manusia dan alam sekitar semasa pemprosesan. Apabila bateri kehabisan pada tahap tertentu atau selepas perlanggaran semasa pengangkutan, litar pintas mungkin berlaku, yang boleh menyebabkan bateri meletup dengan mudah.
——The flow of some batteries lacks supervision, which can easily lead to "bad money drives out good money". Information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shows that since 2015, China Tower Corporation has built 57 decommissioned battery cascade utilization test sites in 9 provinces and cities including Heilongjiang and Tianjin. Various usage scenarios such as backup power, peak shaving and valley filling, and microgrid. However, Bai Min reminded that some used power batteries may also flow to informal recycling companies. Through simple dismantling, these companies resell some of the batteries to users in other fields, such as low-speed electric vehicles and electric toy manufacturers.
Adalah penting untuk mewujudkan sistem kitar semula yang matang dan cekap
First, speed up the formulation of more detailed and detailed industry standards. On December 1, 2017, the "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Dismantling Specifications" was implemented, and another important standard "Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Utilization Residual Energy Testing" was also implemented on February 1, 2018. However, some details still haunt related companies, and experts have called for more detailed standards. Research shows that, taking the transportation of used batteries as an example, if the transportation is carried out according to the standard of hazardous waste, it will not only take a long time for approval for inter-provincial transportation, but also require special vehicles for transportation, and the cost will increase exponentially.
Kedua, pakatan perusahaan kitar semula profesional menerajui untuk menyepadukan lagi rangkaian kitar semula. Kitar semula bateri melibatkan berbilang pautan seperti pengguna, peniaga dan syarikat kereta, serta memerlukan banyak sumber manusia dan bahan. Jika syarikat yang berbeza mewujudkan sistem kitar semula mereka sendiri, ia akan menyebabkan pertindihan pembinaan dan menjejaskan kecekapan kitar semula. Pakar seperti Zhang Zheming dan Bai Min semuanya mencadangkan bahawa, atas premis bahawa pengeluar memikul tanggungjawab yang diperluaskan, mereka harus bergantung terutamanya pada perusahaan kitar semula dan pemprosesan bateri sisa profesional, dan mewujudkan rangkaian kitar semula bersatu kebangsaan yang diketuai oleh persatuan dan pakatan yang diiktiraf secara meluas.
Ketiga, mewujudkan sistem pengesanan kod bateri untuk mengukuhkan penyeliaan pelanggaran. Ge Jianping, seorang profesor bersekutu di Pusat Pengajian Kemanusiaan, Ekonomi dan Pengurusan, Universiti Geosains China (Beijing) mencadangkan supaya standard mandatori untuk pengekodan bateri kuasa harus diwujudkan secepat mungkin, dan pangkalan data bateri kuasa harus diwujudkan. Jabatan industri dan teknologi maklumat, industri dan perdagangan, dan perlindungan alam sekitar harus membentuk pasukan penyeliaan bersama, dan dengan tegas menghukum bengkel kecil yang mengitar semula dan melupuskan bateri kuasa secara haram.
