Modal menggunakan bateri keadaan-pejal dengan tergesa-gesa: tetapi rantaian industri tidak sempurna dan pelbagai masalah teknikal masih perlu diselesaikan
Baru-baru ini, syarikat bateri keadaan kukuh-Huineng Technology mengumumkan penyelesaian pusingan baharu pembiayaan sebanyak 326 juta dolar AS; syarikat bateri keadaan pepejal-Weilan New Energy menerima pelaburan kira-kira 500 juta yuan, dengan penilaian projek sebanyak 5 bilion yuan; Stellantis dan Daimler mengumumkan pelaburan dalam-pemula bateri keadaan pepejal FactorialEnergy... Populariti-bateri keadaan pepejal terus meningkat, menjadi saluran pelaburan untuk industri kenderaan tenaga baharu.
Pembuat kereta dan syarikat bateri berebut untuk membangun
Difahamkan bahawa bateri keadaan-pejal menggantikan elektrolit dan pemisah dengan bateri keadaan-pejal, yang boleh meningkatkan ketumpatan tenaga bateri litium-ion sedia ada daripada kira-kira 300Wh/kg kepada lebih daripada 500Wj/kg, dan mengatasi masalah seperti kestabilan bateri yang lemah dan kecekapan pengecasan yang rendah.
Pada masa ini, syarikat kereta arus perdana dan syarikat bateri sedang berebut untuk membangunkan-bateri keadaan pepejal. Sebagai contoh, pada tahun 2018, Volkswagen melabur AS100 juta dalam QuantumScape, syarikat bateri litium-on kuasa Amerika, untuk menjadi pemegang saham terbesar dan menubuhkan usaha sama untuk membangunkan bateri-pepejal, iaitu dijangka akan dikeluarkan secara besar-besaran-selepas 2023; BMW merancang untuk mula menggunakan bateri keadaan pepejal 100AH-untuk kenderaan mulai tahun depan. Pengujian standard-peringkat kawal selia dan penyepaduan kenderaan, ia merancang untuk melancarkan kenderaan prototaip menggunakan-bateri keadaan pepejal menjelang 2025 dan akan melaksanakan-teknologi bateri keadaan pepejal secara besar-besaran{{13} }menghasilkan kenderaan menjelang 2030; Hyundai dan Kia baru-baru ini mengumumkan bersama-sama menandatangani perjanjian dengan FactorialEnergy untuk mempromosikan{15}}bateri keadaan pepejal. Pengeluaran standard bateri; pada 29 November, Nissan mengumumkan pelancaran model kenderaan elektrik yang dilengkapi dengan semua-bateri keadaan pepejal-menjelang tahun fiskal 2028...
Dari segi syarikat bateri, LG New Energy merancang untuk mengkomersialkan semua-bateri keadaan pepejal-dari 2025 hingga 2027; Samsung SDI merancang untuk membangunkan-skala besar semua-bateri-keadaan pepejal dan semua-keadaan pepejal-produk prototaip bateri menjelang 2025 dan jisim{{ 10}}menghasilkannya pada 2027; Industri Lithium Ganfeng berkata, barisan perintis bateri-generasi pertama 200 juta Wh{14}}berjaya dimasukkan ke dalam pengeluaran... Syarikat kereta dan syarikat bateri bersemangat untuk melabur dalam pepejal- keadaan bateri, dan beberapa keputusan telah keluar.
"It is difficult to achieve industrialization within 10 years"
Bateri keadaan pepejal-mempunyai kelebihan yang ketara, tetapi aplikasi berskala besar-tidak boleh dicapai dalam tempoh yang singkat.
Wu Hui, general manager of the Research Department of Ivey Economic Research Institute, told reporters: "Solid-state batteries are the development trend of the power lithium-ion battery industry, but some technical problems cannot be solved at present, and it is difficult to achieve industrialization within 10 years. For example, solid-state batteries are solid-state batteries. Solid interface, large internal resistance, low electrical conductivity, there is no good solution." There are three mainstream technical routes for solid-state battery electrolytes - oxides, sulfides and polymers, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Yole Développement, a French market research company, pointed out that the key to solid-state battery applications is to find suitable electrolyte materials, and all current solutions have problems with ionic conductivity, battery life and safety.
"If the technical problems cannot be solved, the energy density advantages of solid-state batteries will not be reflected." Wu Hui said frankly.
Wu Hui further pointed out: "Actually, the 'solid-state batteries' that car companies are preparing to install are semi-solid batteries with a small amount of electrolyte." It is understood that semi-solid batteries belong to the transitional technology from liquid to solid-state batteries. For example, NIO previously announced a 150kWh solid-state battery product with a single energy density of 360Wh/kg, and the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) cruising range of the ET7 exceeds 1,000 kilometers. The company explained that although the battery is described as a solid-state battery, it is actually a semi-solid-state battery that still requires an electrolyte and a separator.
In addition, the complex process of solid-state batteries and the lack of industrial chains have pushed up production costs. But at the same time, some research institutions believe that if solid-state batteries are mass-produced, their cost will be 40 percent of that of lithium-ion batteries. "There will be a process of cost reduction after the industrialization of solid-state batteries, but the premise is industrialization. In the future, the cost parity of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles can be achieved through the application of solid-state batteries." Wu Hui believes.
Syarikat Eropah, Amerika, Jepun dan Korea bermula lebih cepat
The market research institute SNEResearch estimates that by 2030, the global demand for solid-state batteries is expected to be close to 500GWh; by 2025, the global market space for solid-state batteries is expected to reach 6 billion yuan, of which my country's solid-state battery market space is expected to reach 3 billion yuan and 200 by 2030. billion. The Huaan Securities Industry Research Report pointed out that solid-state batteries have become an important breakthrough for some non-traditional battery companies to enter the lithium battery industry.
my country is the world's largest new energy vehicle market. With the advent of the TWh era, solid-state batteries have become a must for the company. The "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" issued in November last year clearly proposed to accelerate the research and development and industrialization of solid-state power lithium-ion battery technology.
Wu Hui said: "Solid-state batteries are the next-generation technology direction of power lithium-ion batteries. Whether car companies or battery companies, they must be deployed, occupy the commanding heights, and first solve technical problems such as conductivity."
It is understood that as the car company with the most patents in the field of solid-state batteries, Toyota's solid-state batteries have begun to be tested in prototype vehicles. Recently, Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that although my country is in a leading position in the supply of power lithium-ion batteries, companies in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea have taken the lead in the research and development of solid-state batteries, while China is still in the stage of "separate policy".
Orang dalam industri percaya bahawa kos bateri keadaan pepejal-yang keluar pada peringkat awal adalah agak tinggi, dan kos baharu hanya boleh diimbangi dengan memadankannya dengan model-tinggi. Pada masa yang sama, untuk mengatasi kesukaran yang dihadapi oleh pengkomersilan bateri-pepejal, pembangun teknologi, pembekal peralatan, pengeluar bateri dan OEM perlu bekerjasama untuk mengukuhkan lagi sokongan teknikal dan mengisi jurang rantaian bekalan . Di samping itu, peringkat kebangsaan juga harus menambah baik panduan dasar dan menggalakkan penanaman projek berfaedah.
